Gerund - Герундий

Употребление:

• В роли подлежащего:

  • Swimming is a good form of exercise.

• После глаголов: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, deny, fancy, go (for activities), imagine, mind, miss, practise, prevent, quit, save, suggest:

  • Would you mind closing the window?

• После глаголов love, like, enjoy, prefer, dislike, hate (для выражения общего предпочтения):

  • Chris prefers eating home-cooked meals.

  Примечание: Для выражения особого предпочтения используется инфинитив:

  • John would prefer to eat at a restaurant tonight.

• После выражений: be busy, it's no use, it's no good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no point (in), can't stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble:

  • What's the use of buying a car when you don't even have a driver's license?

• После словосочетаний с глаголами: spend, waste, lose:

  • George spent two hours trying to fix the DVD player.

• После предлога to (в выражениях: look forward to, be/get used to, in addition to, object to):

  • The children look forward to getting a dog.

• В роли дополнения после других предлогов:

  • John is an expert at fixing computers.
  • Sophie insisted on paying for dinner.

• После hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel (для описания незавершенного действия):

  • She watched her son playing with his toys.

  Примечание: Для описания завершенного действия используется инфинитив без частицы to:

  • She watched her son play with his teddy bear and then put it away.

Infinitive - Инфинитив

Инфинитив с частицей to употребляется:

• Для выражения цели:

  • He uses his car to go to work.

  Примечание: Если два инфинитива соединены союзами and/or, частица to второго инфинитива опускается:

  • She went to the hairdresser's to get a haircut and dye her hair.

• После глаголов, обозначающих будущие действия: agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, want:

  • They are planning to move to a bigger house.
  • He has decided to quit his job.

• После would like, would prefer, would love:

  • I would like to do something different for my birthday this year.

• После прилагательных (обозначающих чувства, желания, характер, а также lucky и fortunate):

  • Jane is always willing to offer her help to those who need it.
  • It was kind of them to let us stay in their house.

• После too/enough:

  • Sean didn't study enough to pass his history test.

• После выражений типа the last, the first, the next:

  • Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the moon.

• В устойчивых выражениях (to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with):

  • I don't really like her cooking, to tell you the truth.

Инфинитив без частицы to употребляется:

• После модальных глаголов:

  • Angela can type very fast.

• После let, make, see, hear, feel:

  • They won't let Georgia go to the party.

  Примечание: В пассивном залоге употребляется инфинитив с частицей to:

  • He was made to clean up the mess he had created.

• После had better, would rather:

  • Tom would rather take the bus when he goes to the city centre.

• После help (может употребляться с to и без него):

  • He helped his brother (to) do his homework.

Разница между инфинитивом и Gerund формой

• Forget + to-infinitive – забыть сделать что-то:

  • I forgot to call Mr. Jones and he was upset.

• Forget + -ing form – забыть событие в прошлом:

  • We'll never forget driving in that terrible snowstorm.

• Remember + to-infinitive – помнить, не забывать сделать что-то:

  • Chris always remembers to lock the door when he leaves.

• Remember + -ing form – помнить о событии в прошлом:

  • He didn't remember lending me his pen and he thought he had lost it!

• Mean + to-infinitive – намереваться сделать что-то:

  • George meant to check your report but he was too busy.

• Mean + -ing form – подразумевать, означать:

  • Growing up means having new responsibilities.

• Regret + to-infinitive – сожалеть о необходимости что-то сказать:

  • We regret to inform you that flight STP-456 has been delayed.

• Regret + -ing form – сожалеть о прошлом действии:

  • He has never regretted turning down the promotion.

• Try + to-infinitive – стараться сделать что-то:

  • She tried to carry her suitcase up the stairs but it was too heavy.

• Try + -ing form – пробовать что-то в качестве эксперимента:

  • Try making a list of what you want to buy so you don't forget anything.

• Stop + to-infinitive – остановиться, чтобы сделать что-то:

  • As we were driving through the mountains, we stopped to admire the view.

• Stop + -ing form – прекратить делать что-то:

  • I think you should stop eating sweets.

• Go on + to-infinitive – закончить одно действие и приступить к другому:

  • After he finished his speech he went on to answer the reporters' questions.

• Go on + -ing form – продолжать делать что-то:

  • The student went on writing even after the teacher had told everyone that their time was up.